The whole formula is four ingredients, listed openly. Here's each one in plain terms, with a peer-reviewed source so you can read further.
Natural tobacco extract
The 7 mg source in each patch. It's disclosed on the label rather than hidden inside a blend — you always know exactly how much is there.
Resveratrol
A plant polyphenol found in grape skins and berries. It's one of the most extensively studied dietary polyphenols, investigated across a large literature for its antioxidant activity.
Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
A traditional botanical whose root compounds have been studied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Clove (eugenol)
Clove's primary compound, eugenol, is studied for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Sources
Sources describe the individual ingredients, not this specific product. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA or the TGA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
